President Richard M. Nixon - 1524 Words

As the nation prepares for the largest defamation in American history, one man is brought to the forefront of his convictions. He has been the nation’s leader for two terms, spanning five and a half years; unfortunately one decision causes him to lose the most important seat in the world. He is referred to as ‘The President of the United States’ but to the people of the free world, he was known as President Richard M. Nixon, the only president to ever step down from presidency. His resignation occurred August 9, 1974 about a year after his re-election. Resources say that he resigned so he would not face definite impeachment and removal from the oval office. This was due to one of the largest scandals in American history called, Watergate. On the morning of June 16, 1972, several gentlemen were apprehended by local authority for breaking and entering into the Democratic National Committee headquarters, also known as DNC – which was located in the Watergate building. A guard on duty discovered several doors that looked to have tape over the locks and contacted the police. When arrested, the gentlemen were caught with money in their possession which was directly related to Nixon’s re-election. The incident was not immediately recognized by the media until two reports who worked for the Washington Post by the names of Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward suspected the story was much deeper than anticipated. While in the middle of their research they discovered several facets thatShow MoreRelatedNixon Vs. President Richard M. Nixon1304 Words   |  6 PagesTrace Haven Mrs. Molzahn American Literature May 17, 2017 Nixon vs. People   Ã‚  Ã‚   President Richard M. Nixon once said, â€Å" I can see clearly now†¦ that I was wrong in not acting more decisively and more forthrightly in dealing with Watergate† (Watergate Quotes). The Watergate scandal began when five men attempted to break into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate Complex. The government had to create an act in order to have the right to view all surveillance footageRead MoreThe Decision That Cost Nixon s Presidential Legacy1221 Words   |  5 Pagesexcellence in history like Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity and President Abraham Lincoln’s emancipation of slavery in the 19th century. There are those who leave a mark in history that will always be remembered, especially in the oval office. President Richard Nixon left his legacy only referred as one thing, Watergate. This decision cost President Nixon not only is presidency but tainted his name forever as an American President. Nixon was quick to deny the allegation that he was involved in any activityRead MoreWatergate740 Words   |  3 PagesWatergate Lucia San Nicolas HIS/145 October 19, 2011 Marciano Flores Watergate The Watergate scandal shocked millions of Americans when it was revealed in 1972. The president at that time was Richard M. Nixon, who himself was involved within the scandal. The Watergate scandal took place in 1972 when a group of five men broke into the offices of the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate office complex in Washington. The five men involved in this burglary were eventuallyRead MoreDean Foods952 Words   |  4 Pages1 Nixon and the Watergate Scandal Adrian Tillman HIS/145 the American Experience After 1945 January 5, 2012 Dr. Bernnell Peltier 2 Nixon and the Watergate Scandal In 1968 Richard Nixon became the 37th President of the United States of America. Only serving one full term, he alsoRead MorePardon of Richard Nixon1193 Words   |  5 PagesControversial Pardon of Richard Nixon HIST102 American History Since 1877 Instructor: 22 February 2014 Former President Richard Nixon is most well-known for his role in the Watergate crisis in the early 1970’s. The Watergate crisis started in June of 1972, when the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters was broke into by members of Nixon’s re-election committee. The press took this breaking news and began to dig deeper into what the Whitehouse (President Nixon) was hiding. Over theRead MoreBiography of Richard Milhous Nixon Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pages Richard Milhous Nixon, a US President, resigned from office. Richard Nixon went through a lot of hard troubles to get to presidency to have to resign before he could finish his second term, even though he did some great deeds as president. Nixon despite his mistakes, made a great impact on the United States. Nixon’s childhood wasn’t the childhood one dreams of having. Nixon was born on January 9, 1913 on a lemon ranch in Yorba Linda, California. His parents were not wealthy which meant NixonRead MoreWatergate Scandal790 Words   |  4 PagesIt was suggested that the President had tried to repair the damages that were caused the Watergate scandal in the first article. From a speech President Nixon had given, it showed that there were a lot things that still needed to be done regarding the scandal. The article stated that the officials under the Watergate scandal were cheating, lying and engaging in illegal activities while in high positions of the government. The people believed that the president did not stand up to the crisis andRead MoreRichard Milhous Nixon s Father s Side Of The Family1667 Words   |  7 Pages Richard Milhous Nixon came from a family with a strong heritage. His father s side of the family were Methodists originally from Scotland. Then, in the early 1600s, they migrated to Ireland, and to America in the 1730s. His grandfather, George Nixon, died in the Battle of Gettysburg during the Civil war. Richard s father, Frank Nixon, was born in Ohio. His mother died when he was only 7, and he left home when he was only 14. He went from town to town doing odd jobs and eventually made hisRead MoreWatergate Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagescomplex web of political scandals occurring between 1972 and 1974. Although twenty-five years has passed since the notorious President Nixon resigned from office, the infamous legacy left by Richard Nixon and his administration will never be forgotten, leaving the American people with distrust among Politicians and disrespect for the American Presidency. In August 1968, Nixon stated at a Republican convention, â€Å"America is in trouble today not because her people have failed but because her leadersRead MoreRichard Nixon : The Second Of Five Children1561 Words   |  7 Pages Richard Milhous Nixon was born on January 9, 1913 in Yorba Linda California on his father’s lemon farm. Richard Nixon was the second of five children born to Frank Nixon and Hannah Milhous. Unfortunately, two of his brothers died. In 1925, Richard Nixon’s younger brother died and in 1933, his older brother, whom he greatly admired, died of tuberculosis. His ancestors emigrated from Ireland in the 18th century, and settled in Pennsylvania and Indiana. In 1922, Richard Nixon and his family moved to

Essay on Breakfast as a Scholastic Tool - 1448 Words

Breakfast as a Scholastic Tool We have often been told that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Growing up, however, we have simply brushed that comment aside labeling it as yet another useless and false piece of information we receive throughout the course of our lives. This particular piece, however, may bear more significant than was ever thought before. Researchers now believe that breakfast indeed is the most important meal of the day, resulting in academic and psychosocial improvements that last a lifetime. While many may have trouble believing that a piece of toast in the morning can produce increased academic performance as well as a healthy mind, the fact is it has been proven to be true. It is for this†¦show more content†¦Goals 2000, for example, was a federal initiative to raise performance by increasing standards for the school. However, as we are almost at the end of the year 2000, these goals that were set have yet to be met. It is time to put our reliance in a program th at has been proven to work; a universal free breakfast program (Stedman, 2- 12). Through many studies, breakfast has been proven to increase academic performance. â€Å"Breakfast consumption has been linked to improved preformance in mathematics, continuous performance tasks and problem solving† (Hyndman, 5). A study conducted in Canada also reports â€Å" over 78% of teachers indicated that the program had a positive impact on the academic ability of their students† (Hyndman, 10). With these reported facts, it is obvious to see that involvement in a breakfast program would definitely yield results that could assist in solving the problem with academic achievement in our nation. The Maryland State Department of Education has already recognized this fact. Upon institution of a free pilot breakfast program, Maryland recognized that â€Å"over a two year period, schools that served breakfast in the classroom showed a twenty-two percent improvement in the Maryland School Performance Assessment Program, or MSPAP† (Maryland, 1). These results not only confirm the fact thatShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Policies That Specifically Deal With Social Disadvantage And Equality935 Words   |  4 PagesIt is important for schools to have written policies that specifically deal with social disadvantage and equality. Marginson (n.d, p.4) encourages leaders to create public policy that aspires to raise the general level of scholastic accomplishment over the entire level of learning achievement across all of society, but especially focusing on students who are socially disadvantaged due to belonging to low income families. This means it is important for each school, whether public or private, to beRead MorePreschool Is An Imperative And Fundamental Stage Of Learning3059 Words   |  13 Pageschildren are expected to have a considerably high amount of knowledge prior to reaching Kindergarten. This reveals why preschool, learning daycares, childcare, and progr ams such as Head Start have undoubtedly become quite popular over recent years. Tools of the Mind defines early childhood â€Å"as occurring before the age of eight, and it is during this period that a child goes through the most rapid phase of growth and development. Their brains develop faster than at any other point in their lives, soRead MoreQuality Education Is The Single Most Important Factors With Developing Countries Alike1800 Words   |  8 Pageswere employed in knitting, sewing, spinning and housework, and 36 younger girls were employed in knitting only. The older boys were taught shoemaking, and the younger boys prepared machinery for carding wool. The older girls assisted in preparing breakfast, which was provided in the school at a small weekly charge. They were also taught laundry work. The staff consisted of one schoolmaster, two teachers of spinning and knitting, and one teacher for shoemaking. (Hadow 1926:3-4) Monitoral Schools wereRead MoreStandardized Exams And The Test Scores2070 Words   |  9 Pagesstatistically proven to affect students scores. Therefore, a mere number from a standardized exam, be it the SAT or the ACT, can be useful, but is not a reliable factor in determining an applicant’s qualifications. Standardized exam scores is a convenient tool that allows admissions officers to compare a student’s academic ability with that of others. By comparing students’ scores, admissions officers are able to get a slight idea of who academically and intellectually â€Å"belongs† in their institution. NotRead MoreThe s Model Of Culture Care Theory2083 Words   |  9 Pagespreferences. The Leininger’s Culture Care Theory focuses on â€Å"culturally congruent care† for diverse clients based on healthcare workers becoming cultural competent. Leininger’s model can be applied to any healthcare practice as a clinical assessment tool (Leininger, 2002). A practicing nursing professional should focus on providing culturally adapted care, functions, and acknowledge any social norms for the client. The client’s health should also be adapted based on what is culturally defined as aRead MoreNutritious Children s Meals : Description Of Current Issue2257 Words   |  10 Pagesother serving as control) (Lucas, Morley Isaacs, 2001). So while the behaviors behind eating are obviously crucial, the nutritional value of the food itself is just as important. Meeting the DRIs for children can be made very simple with the help of tools such as MyPyramid.gov, which would help ensure that children do not suffer from nutritional deficiencies. There have bee n several studies looking into the effect of micronutrient deficiencies (generally in developing countries), and most micronutrientsRead MoreBitter Melon as as Coffee4496 Words   |  18 Pagesusing Hedonic Scale. The evaluators rated the samples from 1 – 9 where 1 corresponds to â€Å"dislike extremely† which means least accepted and 9 corresponds to â€Å"like extremely† which means the most accepted product as shown in Table 3. I. Statistical Tools for Data Analysis The data gathered were analyzed and interpreted to get the overall rating of the product. The weighted mean was employed to find the characteristics and acceptability of different samples of coffee from ampalaya seeds. Kruskal-WallisRead MorePropaganda by Edward L Bernays34079 Words   |  137 Pageshistory, by the simple process of doing what they wanted. And if nowadays the successors of the rulers, those whose position or ability gives them power, can no longer do what they want without the approval of the masses, they find in propaganda a tool which is increasingly powerful in gaining that approval. Therefore, propaganda is here to stay. It was, of course, the astounding success of propaganda during the war that opened the eyes of the intelligent few in all departments of life to the possibilitiesRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagesto problem-solve, and the ability to represent ideas. Familiarity with art materials supports children’s creativity. Children with disabilities can also participate in the arts with enthusiasm and interest, with the use of adapted materials or tools as needed. Preschool children’s artistic efforts are often directed at producing physical or mental images through drawings, body movements, or pretend characters. This is called representation. The artistic representations of preschoolers tend

What is it About Reading free essay sample

Reality has never pleased me as much as living it through other people’s lives. I reckon some people may label it as fantasy, others may just call it fiction, however, I would just rather label it as an escape. Opening a book and reading the first sentence may be one of the most gratifying feelings I could experience over and over again without undergoing any monotony. Every book brings forth a new beginning. It unlocks my mind and prepares me to live moments, maybe personal or foreign, that will elicit sensations of delight within me. That’s what all books bring to me, an escape to liberate and imagine letters through images made up by myself. I recall the first time a book genuinely aroused all my senses as I read it. Handle with Care by Jodi Picoult was the barrier breaker. A novel that had nothing to do with me, nothing that even had the minimal propinquity to any of my life experiences, yet the author was capable of submerging me into every sentence with great eloquence. We will write a custom essay sample on What is it About Reading? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It told the story of a young girl suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta (bone disease) and how her mother struggled to have enough economic stability to take care of her necessities. Having never lived that, Jodi Picoult built a scenario in my mind that played like a movie. I could hear, smell, taste, see, and touch everything the characters did because every word stimulated reactions within me. For a while, my eyes were opened but I couldn’t perceive anything else but the conversion of letters to images. It was a utopic state, one that I always find myself in as I grab a book to read. That’s it. That’s the most serene place I could find myself in. The worst of days could be unraveling around me, yet I could just escape everything, mute the world, with the opening of a book. Tranquility, silence, a runaway from the hectic state of over thinking. Forgetting about everything for a while and letting go of it to dive into someone else’s life. At this point, it’s even hard to believe how something as simple as the joining of words, could bring so much peace. How, as I sit to unravel a new novel, I mute the world. How, as I lay with my eyes open as I watch a movie in my mind, I zone out from what is said to call reality. In my case, books are my reality. They make me feel more alive, they make me experience indescribable moments, they make me feel infinity of emotions, they make me be someone I could never imagine myself being. Nonetheless, they make me be who I am today, because thanks to every word I’ve ever read, I’ve learnt something new. I’ve kept every moment in my mind, like a locked treasure that only I can open.

Concepts of Humanity and Art Appreciation Essay Example For Students

Concepts of Humanity and Art Appreciation Essay Course Description Art Appreciation focuses on the study and appreciation of representative examples of visual and performing arts, literature, music and significant famous structures around the world. The exploration of interrelationships of the arts and their philosophies emphasizes the nature of humankind and the need to create. The course explores human values, attitudes, and ideas by examining the history and nature of human creative expression from a variety of time periods, art forms, creators and cultural traditions. This course aims to introduce the students to the visual arts, literature, philosophy, music, and the performing arts. General Objectives 1. To provide the students with a general overview of the humanities making them see their own world from many vantage points and help them grow up to become better human beings. 2. To acquaint the students theoretically to visual, auditory, and performing arts (traditional and contemporary) through the study of the types, medium, basic elements and principles of organization of each form. 3. To become aware of his/her surroundings and associate them with man of the past thereby integrating the two periods together, thus making the world a better place to live in. . To help the students develop aesthetic satisfaction of the different forms of the arts, both local and foreign. 5. To enable the students to develop critical and analytical mind in the appreciation of the different form of arts. 6. To make the students aware of the different works of art particularly those of the Filipino artists to make them feel proud of their heritage. Significant Concepts and General Overview of the Humanities A. History of the Humanities In the West, the study of the humanities can be traced to ancient Greece, as a basis of broad education for citizens. During the Roman times, the concept of the seven liberal arts1 evolved, involving grammar, rhetoric, and logic (the Trivium), along with arithmetic, geometry, astronomia, and music (the Quadrivium). These subjects formed the bulk of medieval education, with the emphasis being on the humanities as skills or â€Å"ways of doing. † A major shift occurred during the Renaissance, when the humanities began to be regarded as subjects to be studied rather than practiced, with a corresponding shift away from the traditional fields into areas such as literature and history. In the 20th century, this view was in turn challenged by the postmodernist movement, which sought to redefine the humanities in more egalitarian terms suitable for a democratic society. B. What is Humanities? The humanities is a group of academic subjects united by a commitment to studying aspects of the human condition and a qualitative approach that generally prevents a single paradigm from coming to define any single discipline. The humanities are usually distinguished from the social sciences and the natural sciences and include subjects such as the classics, languages, literature, music, philosophy, the performing arts, religion, and the visual arts. Other subjects at times included as humanities in some parts of the world include archaeology, area studies, communications, cultural studies, and history, although these are often regarded as social sciences elsewhere. Many students approach Humanities with awe and dread. They feel the material is overwhelming or obscure or, worse yet, irrelevant to their lives. But this is a false impression. You may or may not believe this now, but you will be reflecting on the material of this course for the rest of your life. Right now, many of you are concerned with very immediate issues: Can I find a job? Can I find a life-partner? Where is the next dollar or peso coming from? Humanities may or may not have the answers to these practical questions right now. But after you have graduated, after you have gotten a job, after you have established yourself in the community, you will come to appreciate the Humanities courses even more. The Humanities courses have been formally defined as presenting Western civilization through the study of history and in equal measure the study of great books. But presented that way, we are actually focusing upon results rather than causes. The Humanities courses try to answer the questions: 1. What does it mean to be human? 2. What are we here for? 3. What is the meaning of life? (we can ask this in a philosophical way) 4. What do I need to do in order to live well and live better? (we can ask this in a practical manner) C. Three (3) Things that Humanities are and One Thing that it is not, Humanities deal with: 1. What humans are: the human 2. What humans do: our humanity 3. What humans can be: the humane 1. What Does it Mean to be Human? If humanities come from humanity and humanity comes from human, we might trace this step further. The word â€Å"human† comes from the Latin word â€Å"humus† which means â€Å"earth†, in the sense of â€Å"soil†, or â€Å"dust†. Interestingly, the name of the Biblical first man, Adam, is derived from Hebrew word â€Å"adamah† which means â€Å"dust†. On one level, we are children of the earth – We go out, work, propagate, and die. â€Å"Dust we are, to dust we shall return. † Many of you would say that you are here to get yourself trained for a job. That for many people is the purpose of getting an education. Well and good! We value having a job as much as anyone else. But, important and necessary as job is, it is not sufficient for us to live a fully human life. Much more is possible in living than passing each day mechanically, subject to the push and pull of the moment. Simply put, holding down a job and doing housework is not being fully human. Are we born to bloom and drop? What of â€Å"soul†, however one cares to define that intangible â€Å"more† that makes human life worthwhile? We all know – more is possible; and this more is pointed to by Humanities. 2. What Humans Do Our Humanity Humanities deal with what arises from our humanity and â€Å"humanity† refers to all the people who have ever lived, are now living, and who will live in the future. The Humanities deal with what has been accomplished by this great chain of generation through the vast store of human memory we call â€Å"history. † We study those things which are distinctively human: art, language, literature, politics, religion, etc. We create and furthermore we can appreciate what we create. This is uniquely human. 3. What Humans Can Be The Humane And finally, Humanities deal with what creates our truest or highest humanity. We become more aware of and more sensitive to the many dimensions of human life. We become more humane – we grow in knowledge and sympathy. 4. What Humanities is Not: Humanism2 / Secular Humanism When some people hear the word â€Å"Humanities†, they associate it with the word â€Å"humanism† by which they usually mean â€Å"secular humanism† – a belief system that denies the transcendent and the divine. Secular humanism focuses on this life alone. It says that this world is all that there is – there is no transcendent dimension. But Humanities does not necessarily mean â€Å"secular humanism. † Secular humanism is only one of many different ways of interpreting what life and history are about. The Humanities courses focus on human achievement; to do so in no way deny that there may be a transcendent dimension to human life as well. Why Study Humanities The most usual question ask by the students regarding the inclusion of humanities in the curriculum is the relevance of the subject to the course. At first, the question sounds reasonable. It is true that the subject does not direct anyone to finding fortune. It does not teach anyone how to produce rice. But moving further into the deep of humanity unsheates the question with its credibility. The question becomes a demonstration of a complete ignorance to the true meaning of life. If this world is made up only of material things such as food, car, money, sex and others, then the artists have no right to inhabit this planet. They can live somewhere in the limbo where perhaps a decent being recognizes the reason of the artists’ existence. The basic reason why humanities is included in the curriculum is to equip students with a culture that is necessary to complete his being. This is the culture that frees man from sticking to the mandates of the world. Man is a highly cultures if he could live happily beyond the things that satisfy only the practicalities of life. Saint Thomas Aquinas said: art is opposite to the practical. Art is not concerned whether man has fine dresses, delicious food or if he has money. Art is concerned on something that lives beyond matters. Novelists write without thinking of any monetary return. They do it because there is something that they want humanity to understand. Student should remember that Total Human Development, as the meaning of education does not mean to finish a degree, find a ob and gather wealth to heap. Like the artists, man should labor beyond the value of money. The Branches of Humanities The Humanities can be grouped generally into three: fine arts, practical arts, and performing arts. The following are considered fine arts: 1. Painting. This is a kind of art, which main process is applying color or pigment to a surface. There are different mediums and various types of painting. 2. Literature. This is a kind of art which main medium are the written words. There are two main classifications, prose and poetry. The following are considered performing arts: 1. Dance. This combines movements of feet, hands and body in rhythm. Its aesthetic element is seen on the unity and harmony of the movements. 2. Singing/Music. The art of putting together the sounds in order. Its medium/media are either human voices or instruments, or a combination of the two. . Cinema. Or motion picture that blends together the fundamental and vital elements of music, painting, literature, and music. The following are considered practical arts: 1. Sculpture. Refers to the breaking, and or piecing together hard stone or other shapeable materials to represent something imagined or real. This is an art presented in three dimensions. 2. Architecture. This is an art of designing and constructing a building or other type of structure. Materials include concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster. Art as, Personal, and Culturally Significant Meaning By deducing, we can say humanities, in broad terms, is a record of man’s quest for fundamental questions. By etymology, humanities came from the Latin word HUMANUS which means human, cultured and refined which underscores man’s essential worth for capacity for self advancement. However, humanities is applied to ancient writings of Latin authors. During the medieval age, it refers to philosophy theology (the quest for spiritual life or a preparation to life hereafter). In Renaissance, it is applied to disciplines taught in Universities (traditional branches are grammar, rhetoric, history, literature, music, philosophy, theology, language), a body of knowledge which asserts intrinsic value of man’s life on earth (as opposed to medieval times) or in other words, would make man’s life richer and more meaningful. In 19th cent. , humanities loss its prestige because of sciences which believed that they can procure everything that man needs wants. Consequently, science tones down its rising and humanities finds leverage when science hamper lives nature (atomic bombs, drugs, inventions, etc. , in which science can be well use if it’s controlled by individual w/ high ideals (the bright side which humanities offers) Furthermore, humanities, controversially, is closely connected to philosophical view of humanism (indebted to Protagoras dictum that â€Å"man is the measure of all things† which emphasizes dignity worthiness of ma n and recognizes creative expressions). Now, humanities refers to group of cultural subjects or to arts (visual, auditory, performing, literature), a branch which concerned to human thought, feelings relations. Although some universities when they talk of humanities they refer it to philosophy, theology, arts etc. Or by saying humanities, it talks about the inner space program concerned in thoughts, creations, and actions of man in the past in the present (matters of values, sentiments, priorities, insights, interrelations, transcendental realities). Humanities and Science By definition, science is systematized, organized body of knowledge, obtained from observation, studies and experimentations. It deals with the objective and external world of man. While humanities talks about expression, appreciation perception, personality, heart. It deals with the subjective or internal world of man. Importance Science educates minds, hearts; humanities educates feelings sensitivities so that we may use our things without forgetting that we are human beings. humanizing,’ Salvador Gonzalez says. Furthermore, science alone is not adequate to make man truly humane/educated, humanities is really imperative for humanization. Looking in education system, it prepares us for life’s career (work, work, work) but not for a better life! a life which not living for work alone. Humanities provides man with measure/education of his passion, desire, relation w/ others environment, potentials, and for enjoyment in arts leisure but productive which man will be recreated, fulfilled, creative. But subject’s humble objective is for students to be guided in their encounter with arts, find enjoyment in arts not as antidote for dull, boredom, lone moments but capacity to perceive, understand, appreciate arts, as well as personal artistic discovery. Arts By saying humanities, we simply say were talking of artsOur attitude towards arts may be influenced by these basic assumptions: 1. Art has been created by various people, at all places time. It exists because it is liked enjoyed. It does not grow old. 2. Art is something to be seen, heard 3. Art is the product of man’s imagination, good taste and skill in doing things. 4. Nature is artful, its beauty and artistry could be enhanced. Some philosophers have given up the search for an absolute and eternal definition of art. Although there may be agreement on defining art at any particular place and time, even a cursory look at the history of intellectual thought reveals that people have held quite different views elsewhere and in other periods. Art is always creative, always evolving in style, in purpose, and significantly, in definition. This being the case, art can only have an â€Å"open† definition that specifies the traits that are usually present in those things commonly designated as art, even though no single trait is definitely present in all art. However, in any case, it would be facilitating to have a conceptual definition of art to have a grasp of understanding. Etymologically speaking, arts came from a Latin word ARS which means ability skill . It covers those areas of artistic creativity that seeks to communicate beauty primarily to the senses. It applies to such activities that express aesthetic ideas by use of skill imagination in creation of objects/masterpiece. It talks not only of craftsmanship but also proficiency in performing such activity. Arts is an experienced activity 1) wants to communicate 2) expressing or creating 3) gratification of accomplished work. However, loosely, it’s anything that can be accomplished w/ great skill. Compared to other man’s activities, arts is impractical: it does not meant to meet to the requirements of day to day living, however, by function we say it’s for practical usefulness(functional non functional satisfying. Working Definition of Art Art is the communication of feelings/ideas by sensuous medium fashioned into symbolic language marked by beauty of design coherence of forms. Nature of Ar: 1. Aesthetic value (we always expect an art to be beautiful through our relative perception) 2. man-made (planned activity; not natural ; unburdened/shared feelings ) Medium The very existence of an art style presupposes the existence of a medium in which artworks are executed. Medium refers to the materials/means which the artists used to objectify (express) his/her feelings/thought (pigment, stone, wood, metal, plastic, sound, words, gestures, etc. ). However, these medium have inherent limitations as well as potentials to exploits. Symbolic Language Symbolic language refers to subject; it refers to what the work of art is represented/described. It could be representational or nonrepresentational but there lies the difficulty in assessing the matter. The subject provides the answer to the question: What is the painting or piece of sculpture all about? In painting, subject is no problem if the artist has painted realistically. We can somehow understand an artist’s subject in different levels of meaning through 1. factual 2. conventional meaning 3. subjective meaning. Forms The term forms apply to the over-all design of a work of art. 5 Forms refers to the classification of arts: 1. visual 2. auditory 3. performing 4. literature Michael Harper The Waterbowl EssayIn a long file of things or people, the figures in the distance are smaller than those in the foreground. Object seem to recede in the distance. This is perspective, the distant appearance of an object. 8. Symbols. Artists often include symbolic objects in their paintings. A symbol can be defined as something, which has special meaning or a special message. Artists use them to express such ideas as life, death, hope and faith in God. A painting may have hidden meanings within it as expressed in the symbols the artist uses. 9. Texture. This is the visual appearance of things. In sculpture, this includes the sense of touch that has something to do with the characteristics of surface. It can be rough or smooth, fine or coarse, shiny or dull. In painting, texture represents the skin, clothes, jewelry and other objects of the artists. Styles of Arts According to the Development Men had already appreciated art long before they learned to write. Paintings, believed to have been mastered before the advent of writing are seen on the walls of a certain cave in Cro-Magnon France. This art on the wall has an extreme theme of naturalism. They are reflections of things seen by the haunting cavemen. Most are pictures of wild animals and trees. But as shown further, the development of art in the cave was not left behind by the development of the people from food gathering to food producing. Some paintings contain symbolic elements as modern arts do. There are paintings of fallen leaves to indicate summer, zigzag line probably to indicate mountains or seas and fingers-made stripes may represent the rainbow. 1. Baroque Art It is derived from the word barocco, an ill-shaped pearl. The word can be associated to an overly ornamental thing or person. A person with too much adornment is labeled as Baroque. Curved and zigzag lines, which express vitality and actions, make fit to the standard of baroque art. This art flourished in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. Baroque art rejects straight lines because in art straight lines imply simplicity. 2. Gothic Art This is recognizable by its pointed arches and ribbed vaults. Pointed towers exemplify faith. Every important structure of gothic architecture served to illustrate its upright position. 3. Renaissance Rebirth, or revival of the classics. This is a movement in art that aims at bringing back the classic art of the Greeks and Romans. But artists of this period were still free to integrate their own taste into the classic although features of classism such as balance, harmony, proportions and intellectual orders were the standard of the time. 4. Modern Art Modernization is characterized by the advancement of technology. This technology brought several changes to man’s lifestyle and this lifestyle gave birth to several aristic creations. Some modern arts that came out through recent inventions are photography, industrial arts, cosmetics, and advertising. Cinematography is also an art that emerged together with the modern innovation of man. Methods of Presenting the Art Subjects General Grouping of Painting Generally, painting can be grouped according to its mood of presentation. First, a painting is called abstract when the painter does not show the subject as it appears in reality. The artist shows only his thought and feeling. At first sight of the painting, the meaning is not easily recognized. Other abstract painters present the figures in some recognizable forms but they are presented in a misshapen manner. Secondly, a painting is considered realistic when the subject is presented as it appears in reality. Critics of arts like Aristotle called this style as mimetic or imitation that the work of art exactly appears in reality. Styles in Painting In presenting anything, methods are employed in order to be effective. There are various methods of presenting art. 1. Realism. In art, this is the attempt to portray the subject as it is. Even when the artist chooses a subject from nature, he selects, changes, and rearranges details to express the idea he wants to make clear. Realists try to objective as possible. Here, the artist’s main function is to describe as accurately and honestly as possible what is observed through the senses. We can say that an art or work of art is realistic when the presentation and organization of details in the work seem so natural. Realism is a common way of presenting the art subject. In literature, realism has for its goal the faithful rendering of the objective reality of human life. Since the reality is the necessary raw material of all art, realism has certainly existed since literature began. 2. Abstract/Abstractionism. Abstraction is the process of simplifying or organizing objects and elements according to demands of artistic expression. Abstract: to move away, separate, moves away from showing things as they really are. Abstract presents the subject not as it appears in reality. Abstract art, is a style of painting or sculpture that is non-representational and in which form and color are intended to be appreciated in themselves. The term is generally applied to a distinct style of Western art that developed in the early 20th century and that today is still a central concern of artists and sculptors. There are various types of abstracts, which are as follow. a. Distortion. This is a kind of abstract which natural form is twisted or distorted. There is a misshapen look of the picture presented. A good example of this style is seen in the works of Spanish painter, Salvador Dali. b. Elongation. The character or the object being painted is elongated or extended. This is to emphasize a certain purpose of the painter. The Resurrection by El Greco for instance applied this style to mean that spirit and not the soul goes to heaven. c. Mangling. The object is presented as cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked. This is not well-used kind of abstractionism. d. Cubism. Abstractionism that stressed through the use of some geometrical shapes such as cylindrical, triangular, spherical and other forms at the expense of the other pictorial elements as in the works of Pablo Picasso. e. Abstract Expressionism. It is a style of abstract painting that originated in New York City after World War II and gained an international vogue. Strong color, heavy impasto, uneven brush strokes, and rough textures are other typical characteristics. Abstract Expressionism departs completely from subject matter, from studied precision, and from any kind of preconceived design. 3. Symbolism. A symbol is a thing or a single object that stands for another thing. It is the visible sign of something invisible such as idea. A flying dove for instance stands for freedom. In painting, the subject is not visible. A sign or an emblem represents it. The objective is to transcend the ordinary sign reality and assumes new and fresh meaning originating from highly personal and even unique association born in the mind of the artist. examples: parables of Jesus, Juan Luna’s Spolarium) Symbolism, use of symbols to convey different meanings. Symbols maybe anything: object, words, colors, or patterns; their defining characteristic is that they stand for something other than their intrinsic property. For instance, while there is nothing intrinsically dangerous about the color red, it has become a symbol for danger in a number of societies. Sy mbols are equally potent in today’s world. For instance, a national flag or anthem, the crucifix, or indeed the color of sports teams can be charged with meaning and emotion. 4. Fauvism. from the French word â€Å"fauves† which means wild beast/animals because of use of uncontrolled, non-natural, and exuberant means. It is a kind of style or movement in painting that is characterized by thick pigment. Fauvism is usually used to express a feeling of joy, comfort or pleasure through extremely Gogh bright colors. A fauvist is too much concerned on the brightness of the colors. Van Gogh’s Starry Night is an example of Fauvism. Fauvism is a relatively short-lived movement in French painting (from about 1898 to about 1908) that revolutionized the concept of color in modern art. The Fauves rejected the Impressionist palette of soft, shimmering tones in favor of the violent colors used by the Post-Impressionist for expressive emphasis. They achieved a poetic energy through vigorous lines, simplified yet dramatic surface pattern, and intense color. 5. Dadaism. Artistic and literary movement reflecting a widespread nihilistic protest against militarism during and after World War I. The term dada, the French word for the hobbyhorse, is said to have been selected at random from a dictionary by the Romanian-born poet, essayist and editor Tristan Tzara. In their efforts to express the negation of all current aesthetic and social values, the Dadaist frequently used artistic and literary methods that were deliberately incomprehensible. Their theatrical performances and manifestos were often designed to shock or bewilder, with the aim of startling the public into a reconsideration of accepted aesthetic values. To this end, the Dadaist used novel materials, including discarded objects found in the streets, and new methods, such as allowing chance to determine the elements of their works. The German painter and writer Kurt Schwitters was noted for his collages composed of waste papers and similar materials. The French artist Marcel Duchamp exhibited as works of art ordinary commercial products – such as a store-bought bottle rack and urinal – which he called ready-mades. Although Dadaist employed revolutionary techniques, their revolt against standards was based on a profound belief, stemming from Romantic tradition, in the essential goodness of humanity when corrupted by society. Dadaism as a movement declined in the 1920s, and some of its practitioners became prominent in other modern-art movements, notably Surrealism. 6. Futurism. Early 20th – century movement in art that pointedly rejected all traditions and attempted instead to glorify contemporary life, mainly by emphasizing its two dominant themes, the machine and motion. The principles of Futurism were laid down by the Italian poet Flippo Tommaso Marinetti and published by him in a manifesto in 1909. Movies such as Star Wars, Time Machine and others picture out something in the future. The same thing is portrayed in the paintings. It exalts success in technology. Subject includes supersonic trains, jets, modern houses and anything that relates to the importance of modernization. 7. Surrealism. A movement in literature and fine arts, founded by the French poet and critic Andre Breton. Surrealism grows directly out of Dada, an art and literary movement reflecting nihilistic protest against all aspects of Western culture. Like Dadaism, surrealism emphasized the role of the unconscious in creative activity, but it employed the psychic unconscious in a more orderly and more serious manner. Surrealism is a style in presenting art by fantastic or incongruous imagery produced by unnatural combinations. Surreal means intense irrationality or beyond natural. It emphasizes activities of the subconscious mind. In other words, surrealism pictures out images in a form of a dream. Surrealism creates forms and images not by reason but by impulse, blind feeling. It attempts to show what inside man’s mind as well as appearance of the outside world. 8. Expressionism. This was a European method that flourished in the first decade of the twentieth century. In this method, the artist has a freedom to consider his personal style in presenting his subject or expressing his thought or feeling. Types of Painting / Medium of the Visual Arts Throughout the history of art, a variety of supports and tools have been used to create paintings. Here are the characteristics of several types of painting: 1. Water Color. As the word suggests, it is a combination of coloring materials and water. It is the most commonly used medium of painting particularly among school children because it is easy to use and is readily available in stores. 2. Oil. Oil-based paints produce glossy products. It slowly dries. Oil paint consists of ground pigments mixed with linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium or thinner. Oil painting is slow in drying and allows corrections or working over. Drying can be facilitated with various agents added to the basis mixture. Since its development near the beginning of the 15th century, oil has gained popularity due to the variety of opportunities it gives to the painter. It presents many options for textural manipulation and is durable. 3. Tempera. It is one of the old mediums that persisted through the ages. It was well used before oil was adopted. Its mineral coloring is a mixture of egg yolks and ore. This medium is usually applied to a wooden panel that is made very plain with plaster called gesso. This type of painting was popular for centuries but is rarely used today. In egg tempera, ground pigments are mixed with vehicle of egg yolk and thinned with water. Tempera was the exclusive painting medium of artists during the middle ages. In the 1300’s, oil paint was invented in Northern Europe which led to the decline of tempera. If applied to a properly prepared surface, tempera is extremely durable. It can possibly attain pure and brilliant colors. Also the consistency and fluidity of the mixture allow great deal of precision. Tempera painting is usually done in a wooden panel that has been made smooth with a plaster coating. The pigment is mixed with egg yolk and dries quickly, thus there is a little blending or fusing of colors. 4. Pastel. This is a stick paste made of powdered pigment. It looks like a crayon and it is applied like a crayon. Although it is readily available and very easy to use, it does not attract the attention of the artists because its finished product is difficult to preserve. Pastel color closely resembles dry pigment. It possesses only surface light and does not give glazed effect. The pigments used in tempera may be used for pastel. The pigment is bound in order to form a crayon which is applied directly to the surface which is usually paper. Painting paper, pasteboard or canvass is used as support for pastel painting. Pastel is a flexible medium which may produce varied effects. However, pastel has not become very popular medium, maybe because no one has yet discovered the way to preserve its original freshness. The chalk tends to rub off and the picture loses some of its brilliance. 5. Fresco. It is taken from the word fresh, the art of painting on fresh plaster. This medium flourished in the 15th and 16th centuries. Michel Angelo’s Sistine chapel and Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper are examples of fresco painting. Fresco is the art of painting on plaster. Buon Fresco, or true fresco is applied on damp lime plaster; Fresco Secco is painting on dry plaster. In Buon Fresco, the pigments are mixed only with water and the lime of the plaster wall acts as a binder. As the wall dries, the painted image on it becomes permanent. The fresco secco, the pigments are combined with a vehicle of glue that affixes the color to the dry wall. Fresco painting also poses some problems one of which is the fact that the artist is limited to only what he can finish in one day since the paint must be applied to fresh, damp plaster. For this reason, large fresco paintings are composed of small sections, each has been painted in a day. The sections must be arranged in such a way that the joints will not be obvious, yet sometimes it is not possible to do so. Another problem is that there are some pigments that do not form chemical bonds with lime, thus, making these pigments unsuitable to the medium. Such lime resistance limits the artist’s palette and can make tonal transitions difficult. The Sistine Chapel in Rome is magnificently decorated with paintings by Michael Angelo. The series of frescoes continue to be one of the world’s greatest achievements in art. 6. Acrylic. It is a paint which adhesive element is acrylic resin. Contemporary artist use it because of its quick drying characteristic. Its good quality is that it preserves the freshness of the art through the years. Acrylic paint is a mixture of pigment and a vehicle that can be thinned with water. Unlike linseed oil, the synthetic resin of the binder dries colorless and does not compromise the brilliance of the colors. Also unlike oil paint, acrylic can be used in various surfaces that do not need special preparations. It is flexible and past drying, and it is water soluble, it requires no flammable substances for use or clean up. Acrylics constitute modern synthetic products and use an acrylic polymer as a binding agent.

Utilitarianism And Euthanasia Essay Example For Students

Utilitarianism And Euthanasia Essay Today there are five to ten thousand comatose patients in long term care facilities (Wheeler A1). There are countless elderly people in care facilities that have repeatedly expressed a desire to die. There are countless terminally ill patients that have also begged for death. Should these people be allowed to die, or should they be forced to keep on living? This question has plagued ethicists and physicians throughout the years. In the Netherlands, courts have begun to permit the administration of lethal injections to terminally ill patients (Jacoby 101). To many people, this is a barbaric practice. To others, it is the only humane thing to do. When a person is dying of a terminal illness with no hope of recovery, that person should be allowed to die if they wish. Deliberately keeping them alive to endure the pain and suffering of their illness is the barbaric practice. If they wish death, death should be given to them. Activists for the Right to Life dont stop to consider the right to die. I believe that the Right to Die is as sacred a right as the Right to Life. People who believe in the Right to Die are not alone. The Hemlock Society, which advocates the right to die for terminally ill patients claims to have 28,000 members in forty chapters nationwide (Derr 3). We will write a custom essay on Utilitarianism And Euthanasia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now One of the controversies over the right to die is: who should choose? If the patient is comatose or is unable to make rational judgements, should the doctor or a family member be permitted to make the final decision? If family members were allowed to make the decision Right to Life advocates claim, a family member could get away with the murder of a relative just because that person cant make up their own mind. Right to Death advocates have a simple answer to this problem. Every person should have a Living Will which simply states that that person wishes death if they are fatally injured or become terminally ill. A Living Will would permit people to make their own decisions about life and death with no possibility of being misunderstood. Today, Holland has legal euthanasia where an estimate for the figures for deaths from active euthanasia would be in the range of six to eighteen thousand deaths (Moody 712). This number may seem horrible to some, but to others, it simply means another six to eighteen thousand people who are no longer suffering. I do not know why the Advocates for the Right to Life insist on keeping people who are suffering alive, but I do know that they have no right to dictate to a person whether or not they have the right to die. I can understand the concern of these people that euthanasia might be used for unethical killings, such as the Nazis did in World War II, but if euthanasia were strictly regulated to include only those who had specifically asked for euthanasia, or those who had asked for it in living wills, then what happened in Germany could be prevented. When someone is suffering extreme pain from an injury or a terrible disease, do we deny them drugs to make them more comfortable? Of course not. I see no reason to deny the same suffering and dying people the comfort of death. WORKS CITED* Derr, Patrick. Euthanasia and the Future of Medicine. Hastings Center Report December 1988: 2-3* Jacoby, Tamar. I Helped Her on Her Way' Newsweek November 7, 1988: 101* Moody, Harry R. Legal and Ethical Issues in Elder Care: The Right to Die Gerontologist October 1988: 711-712* Wheeler, David L. Euthanasia: an Increasingly Pressing Issue for Ethicists and Physicians Chronicle of Higher Education November 9, 1988: A1, A6

Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering Essay Essay Example

Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering Essay Essay Example Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering Essay Essay Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering Essay Essay Surveies of building direction reference the phenomena of building jobs and research the nature of building engineering. Manufacturing engineerings are categorized into mass. unit and uninterrupted procedure of productions. Construction engineering is classified as a unit production through contrasting building activities and fictions. Although the efficiency of building engineering is low in footings of unit production. it is associated with benefits such as nothing stocks and flexibleness. This study provides a description of materials/techniques used in the current building of modern domestic belongingss. industrial unit belongingss. their comparing and critical analysis of the public presentation of edifice constructions. It besides encompasses on the rules used by builders to execute their maps. features and behavior of internal stuffs used in the building. Peoples have been looking for efficient production systems since the industrial revolution. However. most undertakings are still built under traditional manner of one-of-a-kind production. Application of IT in building has besides failed to bring forth the intended consequences. Therefore. nature of building engineering needs to be understood more in order to explicate inefficiencies that are environing the engineering and theory that solves the building jobs ( Sarkar 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Daft ( 2004 ) . engineering refers to the tools. machines. actions and techniques used in transforming organisational information and stuffs ( input ) into merchandises and services ( end product ) . 1. 0 Construction engineering It involves the survey of building techniques to successfully accomplish the design of the construction with the recommended specifications ( Sabnis. 2011 ) . It includes impermanent work and survey of building equipment needed to ease the building procedure. The recent tendency is towards building taller and lighter edifices. In order to accomplish such edifices. sophisticated equipment demands to be employed in the building procedure. 1. 1 Current building techniques/materials The current methods of building provide of import benefits to developers and lodging governments which reduces the accent of on-site activity. This standard is of import peculiarly in the clip of increasing demand of an already stretched labour force. Any new execution of making things is faced with hazards. but such hazards can be mitigated through holding good planning and undertaking direction. Yvette Cooper. a planning and lodging curate quoted. â€Å"people must guarantee that the new places they are building are low-cost to the following coevalss. † This study shows that it is easier to construct cheaper and faster utilizing modern building techniques whilst maintaining high quality of traditional methods. 1. 1. 1 Modern methods of building ( MMC ) Modern techniques of building houses developed every bit early as 1945 after WWII. it was used by most of the developed states such as Germany during edifices fiction after WWII. Later these techniques spread in many states and they are normally used in India during the building procedure. As engineering. building cognition and fabrication procedures increase so make the figure of available methods of house building increases to house builders. Modern Method of building is a aggregation of new comparatively building techniques aimed at offering advantages over traditional methods ( Altenbach. 2013 ) . Conventionally. this is an country pioneered by ego builders. largely in footings of sustainable building. As developers’ sticks continually to the proved building techniques that satisfy purchaser demand. self builders have been willing to research. attempt and put something different so as to accomplish single places that meet their demand. In an attempt of increasing lodging demand. deficit of accomplishments and the set marks by Code of sustainable places. many authoritiess are promoting the house-building sector to develop and utilize MMC technique in an effort to run into these challenges. Most of these modern building techniques evolved from their traditional predecessors. Techniques such as structural insulated panels ( SIPS ) and thin joint systems with Air Crete blocks are portion of the on traveling development of lumber frame and masonry building ( Kuzio 2009 ) . Other familiar techniques have developed in the larger scale commercial building. This has brought options with interesting qualities of house edifice. Development of steel frame systems and unmoved concrete techniques led to the development of insulated concrete signifiers ( ICF ) . 1. 1. 2 Advantages of modern methods of building Reduced impact on occupants and consequence of conditions on production Controlled industry and decreased fuel ingestion and breaks as a consequence of fewer stuffs delivered. Reduced building defects and clip consumed. High quality edifices 1. 1. 3 Modern domestic belongingss 1. 1. 4 Illustrations Larger building constituents can be incorporated into either MMC homes or conventionally built. They are non full lodging ‘systems. ’ but they are factory made or site-assembled. This class comprises of the undermentioned constituents and sub-assemblies. This involves a series of assembled constituents and pre-fabricated land beams to organize speedy and accurate foundations ( Koerner 2005 ) . These are pre-fabricated panels designed specifically for floor building. Fewer on-site labor hours are needed per square metre of floor. and the decreased work at highs has safety and possible wellness benefits ( Hearn 2012 ) . It involves designed pre-fabricated panels specifically for pitched roofs. These panels are really stiff which are designed to go forth the loft free of props and prances. therefore leting easy production of ‘room’ in the building of the roof. These roof cassettes make the edifice become H2O weight more rapidly than cut roof buildings or conventional tied balk. These are roofs assembled at land degree before the shell of the home is constructed. It can be craned into topographic point instantly the superstructure is in topographic point hence making a conditions tight construction more rapidly instead than piecing the roof in situ ( Corum Scotland 2010 ) . Factory made dormers are used to rush up the roof watertight doing procedure. Pre-fabricated lightweight chimney tonss made from mills are mounted on the roof construction without utilizing masonry fluke. therefore doing them suited for building of a lightweight frame. These chimney tonss can suit flue line drives therefore working with burning contraptions. Wiring looms Cabling systems are manufactured in a manner that they can rapidly be assembled with comparatively unskilled labor. They are made of assorted lengths terminated with stoppers that are plugged into sockets and other electrical points ( Quinn 2008 ) . Standards are critical stairss from development and research to marketplace acceptance. Today. many industries are faced non merely with pull offing technological development March. but besides with force per unit areas of how to make so cost-effectively. expeditiously and with environmental and public safety being in head. The visual aspect. energy efficiency. component stuffs and habitable structures’ environmental impacts have dramatically changed over the last few old ages. This is as a consequence of successful standardisation of procedures. new stuffs and engineerings. This subdivision provides a sample of more late developed shows and building engineerings. which has been facilitated by proviso of the needed criterions by ASTM international’s proficient commissions. These criterions have swept off engineerings of new building to the pulling board and into the presently built environment. A Building’s Skin 5488940117475Exterior Insulation and Finishing Systems ( EIFS ) were used in Germany after WW II to resurface edifices that were damaged by the struggle depredations. They are lightweight. systems of multi-layer barrier that helps in maintaining wet from outer walls. With several constituents. from foam insularity panels fastened to the base and a substrate coat. to the coating coat and reenforcing mesh. EIFS is a complex system with stuffs required to link successfully for old ages so as to maintain wet at bay ( Baronial 2011 ) . EIFS criterions development has been the cardinal function of ASTM international Committee E06 on buildings’ public presentation since 1990’s. Their subcommittee E06. 58 on completing systems and exterior insularity published its first EIFS criterion. trial methods used in finding interrupting strength tensile of reenforcing mesh of glass fiber. This publication was for usage in category PB completing systems and exterior insularity. after it was exposed to sodium hydroxide solution in 2000. Stone masonry Veneer 548894093980The design freedom and cost nest eggs offered by the merchandises of rock masonry veneer have led to their increased usage in architectural undertakings. In comparing to natural rock. manufactured stone veneers can be exactly colored. reinforced with steel. and have a predictable and lasting life. The visual aspect consistence of the manufactured merchandises makes insistent usage of stuffs as a trim or ornament economically executable. Additionally. older constructions can be renovated with manufactured veneer rocks that replicate the deteriorating stone’s visual aspect ( Gunn 2012 ) . It is a engineering in which sealant adhesives are used to attach the glass to a edifice. In the last 20years. structural glazing has experienced exponential growing. It has been in usage in industrial building and other metropolis edifices all over the universe. Wood-plastic Complexs Since 1990s. recycled plastic and wood waste has been used as environmentally friendly and economic options for decks. Components such as cladding. railings. casting. turnout and trim. door frames and window ; and constructions such as little park benches. Concrete. which have been in usage for a long clip in building of roads and constructions is developing in a manner that make it less expensive. more varied. safer. easier usage and even more environmentally friendly. For illustration. a self-consolidating concrete that flows into signifiers was proposed in 1980s’ theory by a Nipponese scientist. It has late become feasible as it used in infrastructural undertakings around the universe. It belongingss are achieved by using high-range-water-reducing mixtures ; it increases the entire measure of mulcts using alloies that modify its plastic province viscousness ( Li 2011 ) . The advanced edifice enclosures’ design relies less on past successful case in points than usage of edifice scientific discipline. This is a consequence of alterations in methods and stuffs ensuing from constructing invention engineering. Earlier edifice enclosures were merely expected to supply a grade of environmental separation and be lasting. but the recent constructions must turn to issues like twenty-four hours illuming. energy efficiency. fire safety. thermic comfort. and indoor air quality and C footmark ( Grondzik 2008 ) . In half a century ago. wall public presentation demands were outlined which are now applicable to all constituents and enclosure systems. The following are the major considerations that were identified: Rigidity and strength Control of heat flow Control of air flow Control of H2O vapor flow Liquid H2O control motion Durability and stableness of stuffs Fire. aesthetic considerations and cost Since the clip of Hutcheon. extra aims such as environmental impact consideration associated with edifice stuffs and methods and the demand to supply secure and safe edifices have been adopted. The acceptable demands of wall public presentation were inexplicit within traditional stuffs and methods of building. With the modern edifice scientific discipline coming. they have become more expressed in response to technological invention. The tabular array below summarizes the demands of modern-day public presentation and their corresponding appraisal parametric quantities. Moderator versus centrifuge A critical rule used in constructing scientific discipline involves the difference between moderateness versus environmental separation. For illustration. fire and smoke control motion is a scheme that attempts to wholly separate fire and fume from the indoor environment. The attack employs a fire-related assembly that to the full controls escape of fume by virtuousness of the building of its airtight and in some instances. the air pressures’ control between compartmentalized infinites. Moderation involves a scheme where the difference between outdoor and indoor badness environments is moderated within the tolerable threshold. For illustration. heat transportation control does non seek to minimise the rate to zero. but to a degree that satisfies energy efficiency. comfort demands. and the control of wetting/condensation. The following tabular array summarizes the cardinal control schemes for constructing enclosures’ design. which is involved in moderateness scheme. A reappraisal of the corresponding control schemes and physical phenomena indicates the control of wet migration is of the most of import control map that needs to be addressed by interior decorators. Problems of wet in edifices are common and vary loosely in effects and types. These effects range from decorative defects to structural failure and in some instances the occupants’ wellness can be affected adversely as in the instance of cast growing taking to respiratory and allergic jobs. 2. 0 Range of building signifiers 2. 1 Provision and entree of internal division of infinites within edifices Service integrating should be jointly considered by the architect/designer. service and structural applied scientists. The interface between the cloth and the construction together with the service installings can do jobs. These jobs can be in footings of the demand to hold re-route services within the structural elements or the intent of go throughing through those elements ( Luraghi 2008 ) . Both structural and non-structural integrating methods should be considered. The followers are some of the infinites and divisions that an designer needs to see. They should be installed so as to supply entree to a edifice roof. The installing and design of the anchorage and the fond regard system for the ladders should be described in MMAH standard supplementary. Fuel-fired contraptions should be installed in service suites from the building’s balance by fire separations with the fire evaluation opposition which is non less than one hr. A more than 600 mm high roof infinite needs to be provided with floor entree instantly before the opening that is non less than 550 millimeters by 990 millimeters or by a staircase. It consists of canal infinites and ceiling. which is more than 600mm broad and 1200mm high. shall hold review doors. It should non be less than 300mm in both perpendicular and horizontal dimensions placed so that the full infinite or canal inside can be viewed ( Kuzio 2009 ) . A cloth is a material construction choice. technology. proper design. installing and fiction of all work together to guarantee a sound construction ( Foster 2010 ) . The function of stuff in the structure’s public presentation makes the choice procedure of import. This is true peculiarly with air-supported and tensile constructions because their frames. every bit good as their membranes carry the burden. Membrane stuffs Fabrics are typically laminated and coated with man-made stuffs for environmental opposition and greater strength. Most of the widely used stuffs are polyester coated or laminated with PVC. woven fibreglass that is coated with silicone or Teflon ( PTFE ) . Films. Meshes and other stuffs besides have appropriate applications. Polyesters It is the most often base stuff used due to its cost. lastingness. strength and stretch. They are coated or laminated with PVC movies and therefore they are the least expensive for long-run fictions. Laminates consist of vinyl movies over knitted or woven polyester meshes. Coated cloths typically use a high-tensile. high-count coated cloth with a bindable substance at the base for excess strength. Lighter cloths are normally used insulated and acoustic line drives suspended beneath an envelope of a construction. For long-run exterior application. heavier stuffs are needed: cloths with top coatings of PVF or PVDF ( Zhu 2011 ) . These top coatings are responsible with supplying a protective coating to defy environmental debasement. Vinyl-coated polyester It is a common cloth used when bring forthing flexible constructions. such as canopies. paseos. custom-designed sunshades. smaller air-supported constructions. collapsible shelter hall and light member-framed constructions ( ManCuso 2012 ) . Properties of edifice stuffs Group Properties Physical Shape. Density. Size. Specific Gravity etc. . Mechanical Strength. Plasticity. Elasticity. Toughness. Hardness. Ductility. Brittleness. Stiffness. Creep. Impact Strength. Fatigue etc. . Thermal Thermal conduction. Thermal capacity. Thermal electric resistance. etc. . Chemical Corrosion opposition. Acidity. Chemical composing. Alkalinity etc. . Optical Colour. Light transmittal. Light contemplation etc. . Acoustic Sound soaking up. Contemplation and Transmission. Physiochemical Hygroscopicity. Swell and Shrinkage due to moisture alterations 3. 2 Comparison of materials/techniques used in building The usage of steel in the residential building and lodging sector has grown quickly over the last 10 old ages. This has been facilitated due to the turning grasp of the public presentation benefits originating from the nature of the off-site of the building procedure. which is peculiarly of import in mixed-use or urban edifices. Steel building engineerings of an off-site addition the velocity of building and better the concluding quality of the edifice. and can add points to the Code for Sustainable Homes. The chief steel market in this country is in multi-storey residential edifices. and largely mix-use edifices. Domestic edifices versus industrial edifices A edifice classified as domestic is one which an person uses as a dwelling topographic point and provides separate household life quarters for separate household units ( Richardson 2008 ) . On the other manus. edifice non used in connexion with a abode and non located on the same package as a abode. it is classified as industrial belongings. Most of the industrial/commercial edifices have been utilizing pre-fabricated building such as ceiling panels. prefab wall panels. shocking system and gypsum boards to make insides of offices ( Domone 2008 ) . Prefab stuffs provide the option of buildings’ customizing for specific demands such as H2O and fire opposition and soundproofing. However. single proprietors of places have non yet gained adequate assurance with prefab building. This increases its demand for commercial infinites and from big developers but usage by persons in their places is yet to derive popularity. 4. 0 Critical reappraisal of how building constructions perform Organization construction may be considered the organization’s anatomy. supplying the foundation in which the organisation maps. Hall ( 1977 ) noted from simple observation that an organisational construction affects its members’ behaviour. The peculiar building’s construction is a major determiner of the people’s activities within it. Hall suggested two basic maps of the construction each of which may impact organisational public presentation or single behaviour within the industry. First. they are designed at least to minimise or modulate single variations’ influence on the organisation ( Brown and London 2000 ) . Organizational construction is besides the scene in which determinations are made. power is exercised. and organization’s activities carried out. Van de Ven ( 1976 ) highlighted the structure’s importance both at the fractional monetary unit degrees and the organisation for the public presentation of organisations. Decision Construction engineering produces goods and provides services at the same clip. The building procedure is holding low predictability and is extremely unsure. Many intermediate points are integrated and created by human operations with low standardisation. mechanisation and mechanization. The benefits of building engineering include high flexibleness. zero stock. and satisfactory societal demands. As these benefits appreciated. industry that is responsible with building should see bettering integrating of building occupation site activities. Therefore. we should analyze and understand the building engineering basically earlier consecutive e-construction plans and building mechanization. Mentions Altenbach. H. ( 2013 ) . Advanced stuffs patterning for constructions. Berlin: Springer. Brophy. V. . A ; Lewis. J. O. ( 2011 ) . A green Vitruvius: rules and pattern of sustainable architectural design ( 2nd ed. ) . London: Earthscan. Domone. P. L. . A ; Illston. J. M. ( 2010 ) . Construction stuffs: their nature and behavior ( 4th ed. ) . Milton Park. Abingdon. Oxon: Spon Press. Foster. J. S. ( 2010 ) . Structure and cloth ( 6th ed. ) . Harlow: Longman Scientific A ; Technical. Grondzik. W. T. ( 2008 ) . Principles of edifice commissioning. Hoboken. New jersey: J. Wiley A ; Sons. Kuzio. T. . Kravchuk. R. S. . A ; Anieri. P. J. ( 2009 ) . State and establishment edifice in Ukraine. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Leatherbarrow. D. ( 2009 ) . Architecture oriented otherwise. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Luraghi. N. ( 2008 ) . The ancient Messenians: buildings of ethnicity and memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mancuso. C. ( 2012 ) . Unsaturated soils research and applications. Berlin: Springer. Sabnis. G. M. ( 2011 ) . Green constructing with concrete: sustainable design and building. Boca Raton. Florida: CRC Press. Sarkar. S. K. . A ; Saraswati. S. ( 2008 ) . Construction engineering. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Zhu. Y. ( 2011 ) . Calculating in civil technology proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering. June 19-22. 2011. Miami. Florida. Reston. Va. : American Society of Civil Engineers. Gunn. S. ( 2012 ) . Stone House Construction. Melbourne: CSIRO Pub. . Hearn. L. . A ; Gray. K. r. ( 2012 ) . Across the nightingale floor / [ sound entering ] ( Unabridged. erectile dysfunction. ) . Minneapolis. Manganese: HighBridge. Koerner. R. M. ( 2005 ) . Geosynthetics Research and Development in Progress ( GRI-18 ) Geo-Frontiers 2005. Reston. Va. : American Society of Civil Engineers. Li. Z. ( 2011 ) . Advanced concrete engineering. Hoboken. N. J. : Wiley. Baronial. J. A. ( 2011 ) . African individuality in post-apartheid public architecture: white tegument. black masks. Farnham: Ashgate Pub. . Planing entreaty by Corum Scotland Ltd: installing of air conditioning cassettes to roof degree at 82 Hyndland Road. Glasgow: [ missive ] . ( 2010 ) . Falkirk: Inquiry Reporters Unit. Quinn. J. ( 2008 ) . An Evaluation of the Eclypse ESP Hand-Held Standing Wave Reflectometer. Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center. Beginning papers

Probation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Probation - Essay Example Probation oriented towards providing rehabilitation or therapeutic services to nonviolent offenders, a logical targeting of probation resources The punishment component therefore is to managed by the law enforcement agencies that already perform surveillance and control (police and sheriffs). An option is to increase specialization within probation by licensing more private agencies that offer Drug and alcohol treatment, education, and mental health services are also provided through contract with private providers. Day reporting centers for probation offenders are the cornerstones of local's corrections privatization in California. Day reporting centers might initially supervise low risk probation offenders who are not sentenced to jail. They agitate for imposition of home confinement sanctions, more frequently for pre-sentence surveillance in conjunction with electronic monitoring than as a stand-alone sanction. Electronic monitoring allows for long distance surveillance of offenders by either passive or active devices. Passive devices operate via radio transmissions in a wrist or ankle bracelet. Active devices use home telephones and computerized random calls to an offender's residence. Electronic monitoring is a component of many house arrest and ISP programs. Offenders may be sentenced directly to electronic monitoring, but some are placed on this sanction when jail crowding occurs, while others are placed on a monitor after violating a previous probation sanction Probation/Parole as agency of rehabilitation In a rehabilitative role the probation officer serves as a social caseworker, a counselor whose primary concerns are generally in the best interest of the offender. In this role, a probation officer must know how to interview, how to obtain facts about an offender's background, how to identify and distinguish surface from underlying problems, what community resources exist, and how to make referrals to such resources. Counseling is required for a variety of offenders including thieves, serious drug offenders, domestic violence offenders, and sex offenders. They are usually given a high-risk assessment status and are monitored closely by counseling staff and specialized probation officers. Who monitor some rehabilitation-related activities such as urinalysis testing, outpatient drug and contracting-out treatment and residential alcohol treatment Probation/Parole as advocate agents With probation inclined towards privation could possibly lead to the probation-related functions. Probation bonds could be required from appropriate offenders. The bonds would be privately guaranteed; with the bonding agency ensuring that a probationer fulfills the terms of probation this would be similar to the current bail system. Public Owned/Volunteer-Operated Day Reporting Centers Probation/Parole as law enforcement agents [ The main idea for probation was to offer alternative sanction programs that required Parolees judged in need of daily structured regimentation to undergo intensive supervision, including frequent and unannounced contact by probation officers outside a confined jail environment. In the law enforcement role, however, the probation officer is a control agent, an authoritarian figure, and a threat to the offender's conditional freedom. The dual role of probation is evident in the classic definition: "Probation strives to protect the community through the rehabilitation of the offender.